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Morton\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u4e2d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u300b10\u3001\u4f59\u56fd\u4eae\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u300a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u770b\u5723\u7ecf\u300b11\u7b49\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u90fd\u6709\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4ec5\u4e3e\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4ee5\u98e8\u8bfb\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u6d6e\u52a8\u548c\u8f6c\u52a8\u3000\u3000\u73b0\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u662f\u4e00\u7403\u4f53\uff0c\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u81ea\u8f6c\u548c\u7ed5\u592a\u9633\u516c\u8f6c\u3002\u4f46\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u88ab\u5927\u6c34\u56f4\u7ed5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u5f80\u524d\u8d70\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8d70\u5230\u5927\u5730\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u88ab\u652f\u6491\u548c\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u592a\u9633\u7cfb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u661f\u8fb0\u90fd\u4ee5\u5730\u7403\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u65cb\u8f6c\u3002\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u652f\u6491\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u5730\u9762\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u529b\u5927\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u56db\u53ea\u5927\u8c61\u652f\u6491\u7740\uff0c\u5927\u8c61\u5219\u7ad9\u5728\u8c61\u5f81\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u4e4c\u9f9f\u7684\u80cc\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e4c\u9f9f\u53c8\u8db4\u5728\u9996\u5c3e\u76f8\u8854\u7684\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u773c\u955c\u86c7\u53c8\u88ab\u4f55\u7269\u6258\u4f4f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u4e86\u3002\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u4eba\u5219\u628a\u5730\u7403\u5f53\u4f5c\u6d77\u4e0a\u6d6e\u7740\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u7a7a\u5c71\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u4fe1\u5730\u7403\u5185\u90e8\u5341\u5206\u9ed1\u6697\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u6b7b\u540e\u7684\u4f4f\u5904\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u6765\u5341\u5206\u5e7c\u7a1a\u3001\u53ef\u7b11\uff0c\u4f46\u53e4\u4ee3\u80fd\u63d0\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u5df2\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5706\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u5c31\u8bf4\u5730\u7403\u662f\u5706\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5706\u7403\u5728\u6240\u6709\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u4f53\u4e2d\u6700\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6839\u636e\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u662f\u7403\u5f62\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a\u6708\u98df\u65f6\u6708\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5730\u5f71\u662f\u5706\u7684\u3002\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e09\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u62c9\u6258\u65af\u7279\u5c3c\uff08Eratosthenes\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7b97\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5468\u957f\u30021522\u5e74\u8461\u8404\u7259\u822a\u6d77\u5bb6\u9ea6\u54f2\u4f26\uff08Magellan Ferdinand\uff09\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u73af\u7403\u822a\u884c\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5730\u7403\u786e\u4e3a\u7403\u5f62\u300212\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3008\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\u3009\u7b2c40\u7ae022\u8282\u660e\u786e\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u795e\u5750\u5728\u5730\u7403\u5927\u5708\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u597d\u50cf\u8757\u866b\u3002\u7942\u94fa\u5f20\u7a79\u82cd\u4e3a\u5e54\u5b50\uff0c\u5c55\u5f00\u8bf8\u5929\u4e3a\u53ef\u4f4f\u7684\u5e10\u68da\u3002\u300d\u300c\u5927\u5708\u300d\u4e00\u8bcd\u5728\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u539f\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u7403\u9762\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u5f27\u5f62\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u542f\u793a\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u3008\u4ee5\u8d5b\u4e9a\u4e66\u3009\u5199\u6210\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5230\u516b\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5148\u4e8e\u6bd5\u8fbe\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u4e8c\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u65e9\u4e8e\u9ea6\u54f2\u4f26\u7684\u822a\u884c\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5730\u7403\u9759\u6b62\u4e0d\u52a8\u7684\u300c\u5730\u5fc3\u8bf4\u300d\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u4e8e\u516c\u51431549\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u300d\u540e\u624d\u88ab\u52a8\u6447\u3002\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u725b\u987f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u5730\u7403\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5730\u7403\u548c\u592a\u9633\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f15\u529b\u76f8\u4e92\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7f18\u6545\u3002\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u300c\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u300d\u548c\u725b\u987f\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u60ac\u6d6e\u548c\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u65e9\u5c31\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u3002\u3008\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u3009\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u6700\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u7ecf\u5377\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u6210\u4e66\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u96be\u4ee5\u8003\u8bc1\u3002\u4e66\u5377\u7684\u4e3b\u4eba\u7fc1\u7ea6\u4f2f\u662f\u516c\u5143\u524d2000\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u3008\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u3009\u7684\u6210\u4e66\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u65e9\u4e8e\u6469\u897f\u4e94\u7ecf\uff08\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d1400\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e66\u5199\u4e8e\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u6c11\u65cf\u88ab\u63b3\u56de\u5f52\u4e4b\u540e\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d\u516d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6837\uff0c\u3008\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u3009\u8d77\u7801\u6bd4\u725b\u987f\u7684\u4e07\u6709\u5f15\u529b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65e9\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u3008\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u3009\u65e9\u5df2\u6307\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u662f\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u300c\u795e\u5c06\u5317\u6781\u94fa\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5927\u5730\u60ac\u5728\u865a\u7a7a\uff1b\u5c06\u6c34\u5305\u5728\u5bc6\u4e91\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e91\u5374\u4e0d\u7834\u88c2\u300d\uff08\u4f2f26:7-8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u8f6c\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u767d\u663c\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u61c2\u5f97\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u800c\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u4e00\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u65e9\u6709\u6697\u793a\u3002\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u8c08\u5230\u4f55\u65f6\u518d\u6765\u5ba1\u5224\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u5c31\u63d0\u793a\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u5b50\u663e\u73b0\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u90a3\u65e5\uff0c\u4eba\u5728\u623f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5668\u5177\u5728\u5c4b\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e0b\u6765\u62ff\uff1b\u4eba\u5728\u7530\u91cc\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u2026\u2026\u6211\u5bf9\u4f60\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u90a3\u4e00\u591c\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8a\u4e0a\uff1b\u8981\u53d6\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6487\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u4e00\u540c\u63a8\u78e8\uff1b\u8981\u53d6\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6487\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7530\u91cc\uff0c\u8981\u53bb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u6487\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u300d\uff08\u8def17:30-36\uff09\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7530\u91cc\u5e72\u6d3b\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u767d\u5929\uff1b\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8a\u4e0a\u662f\u591c\u91cc\uff1b\u5973\u4eba\u63a8\u78e8\u591a\u5728\u6e05\u6668\u53c8\u662f\u508d\u665a\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u9ebd\u8036\u7a23\u518d\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u65e2\u662f\u767d\u5929\u53c8\u662f\u591c\u91cc\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u6e05\u6668\u548c\u508d\u665a\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u518d\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u662f\u4e2d\u5348\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5374\u662f\u5348\u591c\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u65e9\u4e0a\u6216\u508d\u665a\u3002\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u542f\u793a\u4eba\u4eec\uff1a\u5730\u7403\u662f\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u6551\u6069\u662f\u666e\u4e16\u7684\uff0c\u795e\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5730\u7403\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u592a\u9633\u7684\u7167\u5c04\u548c\u5730\u7403\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u5730\u7403\u98ce\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u2027\u54c8\u5fb7\u91cc\uff08George Hadley\uff09\u4e8e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7a7a\u6c14\u5728\u8d64\u9053\u4e0e\u4e24\u6781\u8ff4\u6d41\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8d64\u9053\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u53d7\u70ed\u4e0a\u6607\uff0c\u4e24\u6781\u7684\u51b7\u7a7a\u6c14\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u5411\u8d64\u9053\u79fb\u52a8\uff1b\u8d64\u9053\u4e0a\u6607\u7684\u70ed\u7a7a\u6c14\u6d41\u5411\u4e24\u6781\uff0c\u53d7\u51b7\u540e\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5faa\u73af\u53cd\u8986\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u5411\u6a21\u5f0f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u54c8\u5fb7\u91cc\u7a9d\u300d\u3002\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u79d1\u91cc\u5965\u5229\u65af\uff08G. G. Coriolis\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u65cb\u8f6c\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f1a\u5411\u53f3\u6216\u5411\u5de6\u504f\u659c\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u300c\u79d1\u91cc\u5965\u5229\u65af\u65cb\u8f6c\u529b\u300d\uff08The Goriolis Force\uff09\u3002\u5176\u540e\u8d39\u745e\u5c14\uff08William Ferre\uff09\u8bc1\u5b9e\u79d1\u91cc\u5965\u5229\u65af\u65cb\u8f6c\u529b\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u8d39\u745e\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u5730\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u8f6c\uff0c\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u53f3\u504f\u659c\uff0c\u5357\u534a\u7403\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u5de6\u504f\u659c\u3002\u54c8\u5fb7\u91cc\u7a9d\u662f\u7531\u592a\u9633\u7684\u76f4\u5c04\u548c\u659c\u5c04\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u8d39\u745e\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u81ea\u8f6c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5730\u7403\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u3001\u4e1c\u5317\u5b63\u98ce\u5e26\uff0c\u5357\u3001\u5317\u56de\u5f52\u7ebf\u65e0\u98ce\u5e26\uff0c\u5357\u3001\u5317\u897f\u98ce\u5e26\u7b49\u4e00\u5957\u590d\u6742\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5c31\u6307\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u98ce\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\u3002\u4f20\u9053\u4e661\u7ae06\u8282\u5199\u5230\uff0c\u300c\u98ce\u5f80\u5357\u522e\uff0c\u53c8\u5f80\u5317\u8f6c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5730\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u8f6c\u884c\u539f\u9053\u3002\u300d\u300c\u98ce\u5f80\u5357\u522e\uff0c\u53c8\u5f80\u5317\u8f6c\u300d\u662f\u6307\u54c8\u5fb7\u91cc\u7a9d\uff08\u8d64\u9053\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u6781\u56de\u6d41\uff09\uff1b\u300c\u4e0d\u4f4f\u5730\u65cb\u8f6c\u300d\u5373\u6307\u8d39\u745e\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1b\u300c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd4\u56de\u8f6c\u884c\u539f\u9053\u300d\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u662f\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u7ecf\u6587\u4ec5\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u5374\u9ad8\u5ea6\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6982\u62ec\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u98ce\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6c34\u6587\u5b66\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c34\u6587\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u7684\u84b8\u53d1\u3001\u51dd\u7ed3\u548c\u5316\u4e3a\u96e8\u3001\u96ea\u4e0b\u964d\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u516d\u3001\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4e3a\u6c34\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4f2f\u7f57\uff08Pierre Perrault\uff09\u548c\u9a6c\u5229\u5965\u7279\uff08Edme Mariotte\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u585e\u7eb3\u6cb3\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u4e0e\u96e8\u91cf\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u54c8\u83b1\uff08Edmund Halley\uff09\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u96e8\u3001\u96ea\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u548c\u6c34\u7684\u84b8\u53d1\u662f\u5f7c\u6b64\u5236\u8861\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u5728\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5df2\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u6c34\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff1a\u300c\u6c5f\u6cb3\u90fd\u5f80\u6d77\u91cc\u6d41\uff0c\u6d77\u5374\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff1b\u6c5f\u6cb3\u4ece\u4f55\u5904\u6d41\uff0c\u4ecd\u5f52\u8fd8\u4f55\u5904\u300d\uff08\u4f201:7\uff09\u3002\u4f55\u7b49\u96bd\u79c0\u3001\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6c14\u538b\u3000\u3000\u538b\u529b\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u6240\u7ed9\u4e88\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u7a7a\u6c14\u662f\u6c14\u6001\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u4ea7\u751f\u538b\u529b\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4ece\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u5df2\u731c\u6d4b\u5230\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\uff08Torricelli\uff09\u4e8e\u516c\u51431643\u5e74\uff0c\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u7a7a\u6c14\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u4e00\u652f\u771f\u7a7a\u7684\u5527\u7b52\u63d2\u5230\u4e95\u91cc\uff0c\u4e95\u6c34\u53ef\u987a\u5527\u7b52\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u82f1\u5c3a\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u662f\u4e95\u6c34\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u628a\u4e95\u6c34\u538b\u5165\u5527\u7b52\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u6bd4\u91cd\u6bd4\u6c34\u7ea6\u91cd\u5341\u4e09\u500d\u7684\u6c34\u94f6\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u4ed6\u53d6\u4e00\u652f48\u82f1\u5bf8\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\u4e00\u7aef\u5c01\u95ed\uff0c\u4e00\u7aef\u5f00\u53e3\uff0c\u5c06\u6c34\u94f6\u6ce8\u6ee1\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u5f00\u53e3\u4e00\u7aef\u5012\u63d2\u5165\u6c34\u94f6\u69fd\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u73bb\u7483\u7ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u6c34\u94f6\u4e0b\u8dcc\u4e8618\u82f1\u5bf8\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b18\u82f1\u5bf8\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u6c34\u94f6\u67f1\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fdd\u6301\u572830\u82f1\u5bf8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5355\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8bc1\u660e\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u76f8\u5f5330\u82f1\u5bf8\u6c34\u94f6\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u652f\u6c14\u538b\u8ba1\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u5728\u6258\u91cc\u62c6\u5229\u6570\u5343\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\u4e86\u3002\u300c\u795e\u660e\u767d\u667a\u6167\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u6653\u5f97\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6240\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u7942\u9274\u5bdf\u76f4\u5230\u5730\u6781\uff0c\u904d\u89c2\u666e\u5929\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u8981\u4e3a\u98ce\u5b9a\u8f7b\u91cd\uff0c\u53c8\u5ea6\u91cf\u8bf8\u6c34\u300d\uff08\u4f2f28:23-25\uff09\u3002\u300c\u4e0b\u6d41\u4eba\u771f\u662f\u865a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d41\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u865a\u5047\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u5929\u5e73\u91cc\u5c31\u5fc5\u6d6e\u8d77\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u5171\u6bd4\u7a7a\u6c14\u8fd8\u8f7b\u300d\uff08\u8bd762:9\uff09\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u542f\u793a\u7684\u7a7a\u6c14\u6709\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u55bb\u610f\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6d0b\u6d41\u53ca\u6d77\u6d0b\u822a\u9053\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u53e4\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6d77\u6d0b\u662f\u4e0d\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u300c\u4e00\u6f6d\u6b7b\u6c34\u300d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6d77\u6d0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u6d41\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5e95\u5c42\u6d77\u6c34\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u6d0b\u6d41\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5904\u6ca1\u6709\u6d0b\u6d41\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u540e\u7ecf\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u5357\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u6d77\u5e95\u6709\u6d0b\u6d41\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ecd\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u300260\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u6444\u5f71\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6d77\u6d0b\u6df1\u5904\u6709\u6d9f\u6f2a\u548c\u88ab\u51b2\u5237\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u900f\u8fc7\u6d9f\u6f2a\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u6d0b\u6d41\u51b2\u51fb\u6d77\u5e95\u6c89\u79ef\u7269\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6d77\u5e95\u6d0b\u6d41\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u624d\u88ab\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6bdb\u745e\uff08Matthew Fontaine Maury\uff09\u662f\u6d77\u6d0b\u822a\u9053\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u822a\u6d77\u5fd7\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u6d77\u4e0a\u7684\u98ce\u5411\u548c\u6d0b\u6d41\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u5f52\u7eb3\u51fa\u6a2a\u5ea6\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u822a\u9053\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u822a\u9053\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6bdb\u745e\u6240\u8457\u7684\u300a\u6d77\u6d0b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u4ecd\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u7814\u7a76\u5b63\u98ce\u4e0e\u6d0b\u6d41\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u662f\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b63\u98ce\u548c\u6d0b\u6d41\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u6d77\u6d0b\u6210\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bcc\u6709\u542f\u8fea\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6bdb\u745e\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u6d0b\u822a\u9053\u7684\u7075\u611f\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u6709\u5173\u6bdb\u745e\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8f7d\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u6bdb\u745e\u5367\u75c5\u5728\u5e8a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u7531\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7ed9\u4ed6\u542c\u3002\u6709\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u5f53\u4ed6\u513f\u5b50\u8bfb\u5230\u3008\u8bd7\u7bc7\u3009\u7b2c8\u7bc7\u7b2c8\u8282\uff0c\u300c\u6d77\u91cc\u7684\u9c7c\uff0c\u51e1\u7ecf\u884c\u6d77\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u670d\u5728\u7942\u7684\u811a\u4e0b\u300d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u731b\u7136\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u6d77\u5e95\u822a\u9053\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\u5927\u6d77\u4e2d\u6709\u822a\u9053\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u6211\u75c5\u7652\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u627e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u300d\u6bdb\u745e\u4e8e1873\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u6bdb\u745e\u7684\u6545\u4e61\u7ef4\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u4e8e1923\u5e74\u5728\u9996\u5e9cRichmond\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5efa\u7acb\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\uff0c\u7891\u6587\u8f7d\u660e\u6bdb\u745e\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6e90\u4e8e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1820\u5e74\uff0c\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5965\u65af\u7279\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba9\u7535\u6d41\u4ece\u4e00\u652f\u60ac\u6302\u7684\u78c1\u9488\u65c1\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u78c1\u9488\u4f1a\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4f20\u5230\u5df4\u9ece\u540e\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b89\u57f9\uff08Andre Marie Ampere\uff09\u7acb\u523b\u60f3\u5230\u7535\u6d41\u4e0e\u78c1\u94c1\u5e94\u662f\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e24\u6761\u901a\u7535\u7684\u5bfc\u7ebf\u4f1a\u56e0\u5b83\u4eec\u7535\u6d41\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u76f8\u540c\u800c\u5438\u5f15\u6216\u6392\u65a5\u3002\u5b89\u57f9\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53c8\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\uff08Michael Faraday\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u7535\u6d41\u6709\u78c1\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u78c1\u94c1\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u6d41\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u8f7d\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e3a\u65e5\u540e\u7535\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u53d1\u7535\u673a\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1864\u5e74\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5c14\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff09\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7535\u6216\u78c1\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u5411\u7a7a\u95f4\u653e\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6b64\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee5\u6ce2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7535\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u78c1\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u4e92\u5782\u76f4\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u53c8\u90fd\u4e0e\u524d\u8fdb\u65b9\u5411\u5782\u76f4\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u7b49\u4e8e\u5149\u901f\uff0c\u6b64\u6ce2\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u30021887\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\uff08Heinrich Hertz\uff09\u7528\u9707\u8361\u7535\u8def\u653e\u5c04\u51fa\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u5149\u7535\u7406\u8bba\u30021896\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\uff08Marchese Guglielmo Marconi\uff09\u9996\u6b21\u7528\u4eba\u9020\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u53d1\u5c04\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7535\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u7535\u3001\u78c1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u8d2b\u4e4f\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u52301749\u5e74\uff0c\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\uff08Benjamin Franklin\uff09\u624d\u63d0\u51fa\u95ea\u7535\u662f\u7535\u8377\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1753\u5e74\u505a\u4e86\u4ed6\u90a3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u98ce\u7b5d\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u85c9\u8fde\u63a5\u98ce\u7b5d\u7684\u94dc\u7ebf\u628a\u4e91\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5f15\u8fdb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8fdc\u5728\u4e09\u5343\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5c31\u9884\u8a00\u4e86\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u80fd\u53d1\u51fa\u95ea\u7535\uff0c\u53eb\u5b83\u884c\u53bb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u5bf9\u4f60\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u300f\u300d\uff08\u4f2f38:35\uff09\uff1f\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u60df\u4e00\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u95ea\u7535\uff1b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u95ea\u7535\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff01\u3008\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u3009\u7684\u8fd9\u53e5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u7528\u7535\u548c\u78c1\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6bd4\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u65e9\u6570\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u65af\uff08Samuel Finley Breese Morse\uff09\u4e8e1844\u5e74\u6210\u529f\u5730\u85c9\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u4f20\u9012\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u9996\u6b21\u7528\u6709\u7ebf\u7535\u62a5\u6240\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u8bdd\u662f\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u7ecf\u6587\uff0c\u300c\u8c01\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u662f\u8036\u548c\u534e\u7684\u624b\u4f5c\u6210\u7684\u5462\u300d\uff08\u4f2f12:9\uff09\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u3008\u7ea6\u4f2f\u8bb0\u300938\u7ae0\u7b2c35\u8282\u8fd9\u53e5\u7ecf\u6587\u5305\u542b\u7740\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u53ef\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u51fa\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6240\u542b\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u6570\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u534a\u5f84\uff1b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u534a\u5f84\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u52bf\u80fd\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u7535\u5b50\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f68\u9053\u8df3\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u8f68\u9053\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u6ce2\u957f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5206\u6790\u5176\u6ce2\u957f\uff0c\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebd\u5143\u7d20\u4e86\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6b63\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u5176\u4ed6\u661f\u7403\u6240\u653e\u5c04\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u8be5\u661f\u7403\u6709\u4f55\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u7ea2\u79fb\u73b0\u8c61\uff08Red 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Orbium Coelestium\uff09\u5de8\u8457\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u65e5\u5fc3\u5b66\uff0c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e9\u5e74\u5b66\u4e60\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u60ac\u58f6\u884c\u533b\uff0c\u540e\u53c8\u62c5\u4efb\u7267\u804c\u4f20\u9053\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u5b9e\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u7684\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u548c\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u4e5f\u90fd\u8654\u4fe1\u795e\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u867d\u906d\u5230\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u5ef7\u7684\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u4ecd\u76f8\u4fe1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u3008\u65e5\u5fc3\u8bf4\u3009\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u8fdb\u4fee\u4e24\u5e74\u3002\u5f53\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u52aa\u529b\u3001\u7ec8\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u884c\u661f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e09\u5927\u5b9a\u5f8b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u8363\u8000\u5f52\u7ed9\u795e\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u611f\u8c22\u7962\uff0c\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7962\u5df2\u5728\u7962\u7684\u521b\u9020\u4e2d\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u8fd9\u4efd\u559c\u4e50\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u7962\u624b\u4f5c\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4e2d\u559c\u4e50\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u6211\u8499\u53ec\u5e94\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u6211\u5df2\u5c3d\u7528\u4e86\u7962\u8d4b\u4e88\u6211\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u6211\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u5bf9\u7962\u65e0\u9650\u4e30\u76db\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c06\u8981\u8bfb\u5230\u6211\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u5f70\u663e\u7962\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u3002\u300d18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7535\u89e3\u539f\u7406\u53d1\u660e\u4eba\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u8654\u4fe1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u662f\u4f26\u6566\u4e00\u6559\u5802\u7684\u517c\u804c\u4f20\u9053\u4eba\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u8bb2\u9053\u591a\u6b21\uff0c\u9057\u7559\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u8bb2\u7ae0\u6709\u4e00\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u7bc7\u4e4b\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u4e34\u7ec8\u65f6\uff0c\u522b\u4eba\u95ee\u4ed6\u5728\u60f3\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5fc3\u7075\u5f88\u5e73\u9759\u3002\u300d\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u56e0\u4e3a\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u4fe1\u4ed6\u80fd\u4fdd\u5168\u6211\u6240\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u90a3\u65e5\u3002\u300d\uff08\u63d0\u540e1:12\uff09\u5bf9\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4f5c\u51fa\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\uff08William Thomas Kelvin\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u95ee\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5374\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u6211\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u300d19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\uff08Robert Boyle\uff09\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u518d\u4e09\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u663e\u793a\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u53ca\u548c\u8c10\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u7814\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u62a4\u6559\u5b66\u751a\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5370\u5730\u5b89\u8bed\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u7531\u4ed6\u8d44\u52a9\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u3002\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u540e\u524d\u5f80\u725b\u6d25\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u6709\u300c\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u4e4b\u79f0\u7684\u5df4\u514b\u65af\u7279\uff08Richard Baxter\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6df1\u539a\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5bf9\u795e\u8654\u8bda\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u53cd\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8c2c\u8bef\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u5f97\u6551\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0a\u5e1d\u767d\u767d\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4f60\u80af\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u91cc\u7231\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u656c\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u300d\u5728\u6ce2\u4e49\u8033\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u79d1\u5b66\u9635\u8425\u91cc\u9010\u6e10\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u300c\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u3002\u300d20\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u745e\u5178\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u6797\u5948\u6c0f\uff08Karl Von Linnaeus\uff09\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u690d\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6709\u6781\u5927\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u690d\u7269\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u95fb\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5206\u4e3a\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u3001\u77ff\u7269\u4e09\u5927\u7c7b\uff0c\u518d\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u7eb2\u3001\u76ee\u3001\u79d1\u3001\u5c5e\u3001\u79cd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6797\u5948\u6c0f\u4e00\u751f\u656c\u754f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u636e\u8bf4\u67d0\u65e5\u4ed6\u5916\u51fa\u6563\u6b65\uff0c\u5076\u89c1\u4e00\u8273\u4e3d\u593a\u76ee\u7684\u82b1\u6735\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u5947\u5999\u3001\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u4fbf\u7acb\u5373\u8dea\u4e0b\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u6069\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\uff08Louis Pasteur\uff09\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u6d88\u6bd2\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u533b\u7597\u536b\u751f\u8d21\u732e\u6781\u5927\u3002\u53c8\u5728\u9632\u6cbb\u761f\u8695\u75c5\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6cd5\u56fd\u8695\u4e1d\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7acb\u4e0b\u4e30\u529f\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u548c\u798f\u97f3\u90fd\u6709\u575a\u5f3a\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u300c\u5982\u679c\u627f\u8ba4\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5b9e\u6bd4\u4e00\u5207\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u66f4\u4e3a\u8d85\u5947\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u609f\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e0b\u8dea\uff0c\u8083\u7136\u656c\u62dc\u4e86\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u5e38\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u7977\u544a\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7269\u8d28\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u8bba\u300d\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u795e\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7269\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ea\u6709\u795e\u624d\u662f\u751f\u547d\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u3002\u7ecf\u6f5c\u5fc3\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u6d88\u6bd2\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8150\u70c2\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u3002\u5e74\u8001\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u6bcd\u6821\u8bb2\u6f14\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u9762\u5bf9\u6781\u5927\u53cd\u5bf9\u3001\u5374\u80fd\u8282\u8282\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u2026\u2026\u4fe1\u5fc3\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u7ef3\u5b50\uff0c\u7ef4\u7cfb\u4f60\u5468\u56f4\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f60\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u547c\u53ec\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u70ed\u5fc3\uff08enthusiasm\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u7531En\u53caTheo\u5408\u6210\uff1aEn\u662f\u91cc\u9762\uff0cTheo\u662f\u795e\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u70ed\u5fc3\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4f4f\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\u91cc\u3002\u300d21\u3000<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u65af\u5361\uff08Blaise Pascal\uff09\u82f1\u5e74\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u79bb\u4e16\u65f6\u4ec5\u4e09\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81\u3002\u4ed6\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u6295\u5f71\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u540d\u8457\uff0c\u5e76\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u660e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u3001\u6674\u96e8\u8868\u548c\u6c34\u538b\u673a\u7b49\uff0c\u4e3a\u65f7\u4e16\u5929\u624d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6210\u5c31\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u7075\u6027\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ed6\u751a\u611f\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u9042\u7814\u8bfb\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u4e00\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u6b63\u8bfb\u5230\u3008\u7ea6\u7ff0\u798f\u97f3\u3009\u7b2c17\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u795e\u5ffd\u7136\u5411\u4ed6\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u9886\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u51fa\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u5148\u77e5\u6469\u897f\u6240\u89c1\u7684\u8346\u68d8\u4e2d\u7684\u706b\u7130\uff0c\u5145\u6ee1\u6574\u4e2a\u623f\u95f4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0a\u95fb\u4e3b\u58f0\uff1a\u300c\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6492\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u975e\u54f2\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u975e\u5b66\u8005\u4e4b\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u300d\u4f7f\u4e4b\u987f\u65f6\u5f00\u609f\uff0c\u5355\u9760\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u795e\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u771f\u795e\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5927\u83b7\u5e73\u5b89\u3001\u559c\u4e50\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\u7b14\u5f55\u3001\u7f2e\u6b63\uff0c\u7f1d\u4e8e\u895f\u5185\uff0c\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u672a\u544a\u8bc9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u65f6\u624d\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u73b0\u73cd\u85cf\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u56fd\u7acb\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u5e15\u65af\u5361\u609f\u9053\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u5f03\u9a84\u6deb\u4e4b\u6c14\uff0c\u8c26\u5351\u81ea\u5f8b\uff0c\u5224\u82e5\u4e24\u4eba\u3002\u540e\u8457\u300a\u6c89\u601d\u96c6\u300b\uff08Pensees\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bc1\u9053\uff0c\u810d\u7099\u4eba\u53e3\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u6c89\u601d\u96c6\u300b\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8eab\u5904\u5c0a\u8d35\u6216\u5351\u5fae\uff0c\u5185\u4e2d\u5e38\u5b58\u8c26\u5351\u7684\u5fc3\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u300d22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u80fd\u5148\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u63a8\u5bfc\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5c14\u540e\u7531\u540e\u4eba\u8bc1\u660e\u5176\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4f4d\uff1a\u725b\u987f\u3001\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\uff08William Rowan Hamilton\uff0c\u66fe\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u300c\u5149\u5728\u53cc\u8f74\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u5706\u9525\u72b6\u300d\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5c14\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3002\u524d\u4e09\u4f4d\u662f\u8654\u8bda\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u4f4d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u300223<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u53ea\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e30\u529f\u4f1f\u7ee9\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4ece\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5230\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u79f0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u6bcd\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\u6e05\u695a\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u7acb\u3001\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u653b\u5176\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u53ca\u5176\u4f59\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4e5f\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u56e0\u65e0\u77e5\u800c\u66fe\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u672b\u5012\u7f6e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u800c\u6697\u81ea\u7ea2\u8fc7\u8138\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u5e38\u95ee\uff0c\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u56e0\u4e3a\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\u800c\u4fe1\u4e3b\u7684\uff1f\u6309\u624b\u5934\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4f1a\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u718f\u9676\u800c\u4fe1\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670b\u53cb\u6240\u63d0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56e0\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4fe1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u968f\u5927\u6d41\u800c\u5df2\uff1f\u6b64\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7b26\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u5c11\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5730\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u77e5\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u6797\u8bed\u5802\u5148\u751f\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0f\u65f6\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u5723\u54f2\u601d\u60f3\u6781\u4e3a\u7231\u597d\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u758f\u8fdc\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8270\u82e6\u8dcb\u6d89\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u624d\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6000\u62b1\u91cc\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u65c5\u300b\u7684\u7eea\u8a00\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u83b7\u5f97\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u8d70\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u96be\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u8def\uff1b\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8def\u662f\u66f4\u59a5\u5f53\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u59cb\u81f3\u7ec8\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u9707\u60ca\u7684\u5929\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ed6\u548c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ece\u4e2a\u4eba\u5185\u5fc3\u53d1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6765\u300e\u7ed9\u4e0e\u300f\u3002\u300d24\u4ed6\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u300c\u5927\u5149\u7684\u5a01\u4e25\u300d\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u90a3\u79cd\u5728\u5927\u9a6c\u8272\u8def\u4e0a\u70ab\u82b1\u4e86\u5723\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u773c\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ecd\u5728\u4e16\u4e16\u4ee3\u4ee3\u4e2d\u7167\u8000\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u6697\u6666\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6697\u6666\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u4fee\u4e8e\u501f\u8d56\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u800c\u4e0a\u63a5\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5fc3\u7075\u3002\u300d\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7528\u5fc3\u7075\u548c\u8bda\u5b9e\u6765\u5d07\u62dc\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5404\u4eba\u5404\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6709\u65e0\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5168\u89c6\u4e4e\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u9886\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u5efa\u7acb\u53cb\u8c0a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u300d25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f20\u6587\u4eae\u535a\u58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George Gabriel, bart. Stockes\uff09\u662f\u7267\u5e08\u4e4b\u5b50\uff0c\u5e38\u56e0\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u8d23\u96be\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4e0a\u5b66\u540e\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u53cd\u5bf9\u7236\u4eb2\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5e38\u95ee\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bdd\u300c\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u5217\u8f66\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7f6e\u8eab\u4f55\u5904\uff1f\u300d\u5374\u6325\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u6210\u540d\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u964d\u670d\u5728\u8036\u7a23\u9762\u524d\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u4e0e\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u4f11\u8c1f\uff08David Hume\uff09\u529b\u8fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u5411\u9020\u8bbf\u7684\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff08Charles Darwin\uff09\u4f20\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u300c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u5341\u5c81\u5c31\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5929\u624d\u3002\u5341\u516d\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bfb\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7684\u5fc3\u8def\u5386\u7a0b\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u4ee5\u5929\u624d\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6124\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e16\u683c\u683c\u4e0d\u5165\u3002\u2026\u2026\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u4ed6\u5185\u5fc3\u6df1\u5904\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u6c38\u6052\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u518d\u770b\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u4e0a\u7684\u661f\u8fb0\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5ba3\u544a\u795e\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff01\u300d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77ed\u77ed\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u628a\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\u5f15\u4e0a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7d27\u5bc6\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u529b\u633d\u72c2\u6f9c\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u968f\u58f0\u9644\u5408\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u53d1\u8868\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u300c\u5929\u5730\u90fd\u8981\u5982\u5916\u8863\u6e10\u6e10\u65e7\u4e86\u300d\uff08\u8bd7\u7bc7102:26\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u9ad8\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u53d1\u8868\u70ed\u52a8\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u300c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fd8\u884c\u795e\u8ff9\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u7684\uff01\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u81ea\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u653e\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u7942\u628a\u5f02\u8c61\u653e\u5728\u5148\u77e5\u7684\u68a6\u4e2d\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7942\u628a\u77e5\u8bc6\u653e\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u662f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u300d26<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\uff0c\u5c11\u6709\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u4e0e\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u6323\u624e\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u7763\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1b\u4e5f\u786e\u6709\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u300c\u7cca\u91cc\u7cca\u6d82\u300d\u5730\u6210\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u667a\u6167\u3001\u7406\u6027\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u601d\u8fa8\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u975e\u51e1\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0a\u91c7\u53d6\u4eba\u4e91\u4ea6\u4e91\u7684\u8f7b\u7387\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u4e3e\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u9762\u52aa\u529b\u641e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e00\u9762\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5bfb\u6c42\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u662f\u76f2\u4ece\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u8c01\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u970d\u987f\uff08John Houghton\uff09\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u670d\u6211\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u8981\u4eb2\u81ea\u53bb\u4f53\u9a8c\u3001\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u795e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5462\uff1f\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u50cf\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u770b\u89c1\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5982\u523a\u773c\u7684\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u7167\u4eae\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5fc3\u7530\u3002\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u8d70\u5411\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u957f\u8fdc\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u89c1\u949f\u60c5\u5230\u5e95\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u662f\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u795e\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5386\u4ee3\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8d2f\u7a7f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u5426\u91cd\u8981\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c9\u5f97\u4fe1\u5fc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u800c\u72ec\u5b58\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\uff0c\u8fde\u6211\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u5728\u521d\u671f\u6559\u4f1a\u5c31\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u82e5\u57fa\u7763\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u4fbf\u662f\u6789\u7136\u3002\u4f60\u4eec\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u6789\u7136\uff08\u6797\u524d15:14\uff09\u3002\u300f\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e76\u9a7e\u9f50\u9a71\uff0c\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u300d27\u8fd9\u756a\u8bdd\u9887\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5386\u4ee3\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728\u4fe1\u4ef0\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6240\u6301\u7684\u4e25\u8083\u3001\u5ba1\u614e\u548c\u6267\u7740\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u5230\u6709\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u98de\u8dc3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u864e\u514b\uff08Robert Hooke\uff09\u56e0\u5236\u9020\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u771f\u7a7a\u62bd\u6c14\u673a\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u53ea\u6c34\u94f6\u6e29\u5ea6\u8ba1\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u5929\u5e73\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u3002\u4f46\u864e\u514b\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e4b\u65c5\u5374\u5f88\u6709\u4f20\u5947\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u7267\u5e08\uff0c\u5bb6\u5883\u8d2b\u7a77\u3002\u52a0\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u5929\u751f\u6b8b\u75be\uff0c\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u5728\u82e6\u4e2d\u6323\u624e\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u50cf\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u4e3a\u4e0a\u5e1d\u5168\u7136\u6446\u4e0a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u795e\u7684\u7737\u987e\uff01\u4ed6\u4e8c\u5341\u5c81\u65f6\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8981\u9003\u907f\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u9003\u907f\u761f\u75ab\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u6068\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u5bf9\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u7942\u611f\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u300d\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u4e00\u53ea\u88ab\u634f\u6b7b\u7684\u8df3\u86a4\u653e\u5230\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\u89c2\u5bdf\u3002\u300c\u554a\uff01\u6211\u4e0d\u7981\u8d5e\u8d4f\u8df3\u86a4\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u300d\u4e8b\u540e\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u8df3\u86a4\u6bdb\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6392\u5217\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u5723\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u7f8e\u3002\u300d\u501f\u7740\u4e00\u53ea\u8df3\u86a4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u300c\u5723\u7075\u7684\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u300d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9762\u524d\u300228<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff08Albert Einstein\uff09\u5219\u79f0\u4ed6\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u65f6\u627e\u5230\u795e\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u300c\u65e0\u9650\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u7075\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u542f\u793a\u7942\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6211\u4eec\u8106\u5f31\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5934\u8111\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u6211\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5373\u7531\u5bf9\u7942\u8bda\u5fc3\u7684\u5d07\u656c\u800c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3002\u6211\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u96be\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u663e\u660e\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u7406\u667a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u53d7\u6784\u6210\u6211\u5bf9\u795e\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u89c2\u5e26\u6709\u6cdb\u795e\u8bba\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u656c\u62dc\u7684\u3001\u6709\u4f4d\u683c\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u7231\u8fea\u751f\uff08Thomas Alva Edison\uff09\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u6b65\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7c73\u52d2\uff08Francis Trevelyan Miller\uff09\u5728\u300a\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u4f20\u300b\uff08Thomas A. Edison\uff09\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u795e\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u300e\u8235\u624b\u300f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u51b3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5934\u8111\u6765\u9886\u609f\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5965\u7955\u3002\u5929\u4f53\u884c\u661f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u8f6c\u52a8\u4e0d\u606f\uff0c\u5343\u4e07\u5e74\u5982\u4e00\u65e5\uff1b\u79cd\u79cd\u9020\u5316\u7684\u5947\u5999\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7e41\u6b8a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u3001\u77ff\u7269\u7684\u795e\u5947\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u300d\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5b50\u5fc5\u7531\u67d0\u79cd\u667a\u6167\u6240\u638c\u7ba1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5343\u53d8\u4e07\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u9020\u5316\u4e4b\u5999\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u667a\u6167\u4e43\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u6765\u3002\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u867d\u672a\u7688\u4f9d\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4f46\u656c\u754f\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u66fe\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u5ea7\u53f3\u94ed\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u5168\u667a\u5168\u80fd\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6ee1\u4e07\u6709\u7684\u3001\u81f3\u9ad8\u81f3\u5c0a\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d6b\u4e54\u7236\u5b50\u5a01\u5ec9\uff08William Herschel\uff09\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\uff08John Herschel\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5927\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u53cc\u661f\u548c\u5929\u738b\u661f\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e94\u767e\u591a\u4e2a\u661f\u4e91\u3002\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5947\u5999\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u656c\u754f\u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\u5b87\u5b99\u662f\u795e\u7cbe\u5de7\u6770\u4f5c\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u5a01\u5ec9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u795e\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u70b9\u95ee\u9898\u300229<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66fe\u4efb\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u6c14\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u73b0\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6c14\u8c61\u5c40\u517c\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5730\u7403\u89c2\u6d4b\u8ba1\u5212\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u7684\u970d\u987f\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u6df1\u6709\u611f\u89e6\u5730\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u795e\u542f\u793a\u7684\u4e24\u672c\u4e66\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7279\u522b\u501f\u7740\u8036\u7a23\u542f\u793a\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u80fd\u6fc0\u53d1\u656c\u62dc\u4e4b\u5fc3\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u9ed8\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5947\u5999\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u7ffb\u9605\u4e00\u9875\u9875\u7684\u5f69\u8272\u5929\u6587\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u770b\u7740\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u6216\u592a\u7a7a\u8239\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u884c\u661f\u548c\u661f\u4e91\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6b23\u8d4f\u90a3\u4ece\u592a\u7a7a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u6216\u540c\u6b65\u536b\u661f\u81ea\u52a8\u76f8\u673a\u6240\u62cd\u6444\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u53d8\u5e7b\u7684\u5730\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6d69\u5927\u548c\u592a\u7a7a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e4b\u7cbe\u5999\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7406\u6027\u9971\u53d7\u6fc0\u8361\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u548c\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u4e5f\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u611f\u52a8\u60ca\u53f9\u548c\u8c26\u5351\u3002\u300d30<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1999\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u5341\u4e00\u53f7\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\uff08Neil A. Armstrong\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5728\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u533a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u592a\u7a7a\u535a\u7269\u9986\uff08National Air-Space Museum, The Smithsonian Institution\uff09\u6b22\u805a\u4e00\u5802\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u6208\u5c14\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u84dd\u5229\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u9996\u6b21\u767b\u6708\u8c31\u5199\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u65b0\u7bc7\u7ae0\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u5e26\u56de\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e00\u6bb5\u592a\u7a7a\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u97e9\u4f1f\u7b49\u8457\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u667a\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u5149\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1989\u5e74\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u6709\u7cbe\u5f69\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4e09\u6bb5\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5c31\u6458\u81ea\u8be5\u4e66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1961\u5e744\u670812\u65e5\uff0c\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u5b87\u822a\u5458\u52a0\u52a0\u6797\uff08Yuri A. Gagarin\uff09\uff0c\u9a7e\u9a76\u8f7d\u4eba\u98de\u8239\u6c83\u65af\u6258\u514b\u4e00\u53f7\uff08Vostok 1\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u516b\u5341\u4e03\u5206\u949f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7ed5\u5730\u7403\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u5708\u540e\uff0c\u592a\u7a7a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5ba3\u544a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u524d\u82cf\u8054\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u8d6b\u9c81\u6653\u592b\u631f\u592a\u7a7a\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u5a01\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u86ee\u6a2a\u6001\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4e3a\u9707\u60ca\u3002\u671d\u91ce\u4e00\u81f4\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1968\u5e7412\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u516b\u53f7\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u51b2\u7834\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u8fdb\u5165\u6708\u7403\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u51b2\u7834\u6708\u7403\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u56de\u5230\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u4e3a\u767b\u6708\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u6e05\u6668\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\u8f6e\u6d41\u6717\u8bf5\u3008\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u3009\u7b2c1\u7ae01-10\u8282\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u90ae\u653f\u5c40\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8fd9\u6b21\u98de\u884c\uff0c\u66fe\u53d1\u884c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u90ae\u7968\uff0c\u90ae\u7968\u56fe\u6848\u4e2d\u592e\u8d6b\u7136\u5370\u7740\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u300cIn the beginning God\u2026\u2026\uff08\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5e1d\u2026\u2026\uff09\u300d\u30021969\u5e747\u670820\u65e519\u65f656\u5206\uff0c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f5711\u53f7\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u6717\u7684\u5de6\u811a\u8e0f\u4e0a\u6708\u7403\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u767b\u6708\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u827e\u5fb7\u6797\uff08Edwin E. Aldrin\uff09\u5728\u6708\u7403\u8868\u9762\u6f2b\u6b65\u4e24\u4e2a\u591a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u827e\u5fb7\u6797\u5728\u6708\u7403\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u536b\u661f\u8f6c\u64ad\u7ad9\u5411\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u51fa\u547c\u5401\uff1a\u300c\u65e0\u8bba\u4f60\u5728\u4f55\u5904\uff0c\u8bf7\u6682\u65f6\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5411\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8c22\u5427\uff01\u300d\u4ed6\u4eec\u6717\u8bf5\u4e86\u3008\u8bd7\u7bc7\u3009\u7b2c8\u7bc7\u7684\u8bd7\u53e5\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u89c2\u770b\u7962\u6307\u5934\u6240\u9020\u7684\u5929\uff0c\u5e76\u7962\u6240\u9648\u8bbe\u6708\u4eae\u661f\u5bbf\uff0c\u4fbf\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u4eba\u7b97\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7962\u7adf\u987e\u5ff5\u4ed6\uff1f\u4e16\u4eba\u7b97\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u7962\u7adf\u7737\u987e\u4ed6\uff1f\u300f\u300d\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u3008\u8bd7\u7bc7\u3009\u7b2c8\u7bc7\u7559\u5728\u6708\u7403\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1971\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u963f\u6ce2\u7f5715\u53f7\u7684\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u65bd\u9ad8\u7279\uff08David R. Scott\uff09\u548c\u6b27\u6587\uff08James B. Irwin\uff09\u7b2c\u56db\u5ea6\u767b\u6708\uff0c\u5e76\u9a7e\u9a76\u8017\u8d44\u8fd1\u56db\u5343\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u6708\u7403\u8f66\u5728\u6708\u4eae\u4e0a\u63a2\u6d4b\u516d\u5341\u4e03\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u641c\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u300c\u9996\u6b21\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6708\u7403\u63a2\u9669\u300d\u3002\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u4e8b\u4e1a\u5dc5\u5cf0\u7684\u6b27\u6587\u4e0a\u6821\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u6b21\u98de\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u5411\u592a\u7a7a\u603b\u7f72\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u8f9e\u5448\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5230\u5404\u5904\u4f20\u8bb2\u795e\u7684\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u98de\u5411\u6708\u7403\u65f6\uff0c\u300c\u8eab\u540e\u7684\u5730\u7403\u6700\u521d\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6d77\u6d0b\u3001\u767d\u4e91\u3001\u548c\u5c71\u8109\uff0c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u6781\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5723\u8bde\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u3002\u4f46\u56db\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u5374\u5c0f\u5f97\u50cf\u7bee\u7403\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u53c8\u7f29\u5c0f\u6210\u4e3a\u68d2\u7403\u3001\u4e52\u4e53\u7403\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u65f6\u6211\u624d\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u89c9\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5feb\u5730\u79bb\u5f00\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u611f\u89e6\u771f\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u5bb9\u3002\u2026\u2026\u795e\u65e2\u7136\u5e94\u8bb8\u6211\u5b89\u7136\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u6211\u4e0e\u5404\u4f4d\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u795e\u591a\u4e48\u4f1f\u5927\uff0c\u4eba\u591a\u4e48\u6e3a\u5c0f\uff0c\u7942\u4e5f\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u7231\u3002\u6211\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6743\u5229\u770b\u89c1\u795e\u5947\u5999\u7684\u521b\u9020\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u795e\u5728\u6211\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u65e8\u610f\uff0c\u8981\u6211\u5bf9\u7537\u5973\u8001\u5c11\u4f20\u8bb2\uff1a\u795e\u7231\u4e16\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c06\u7942\u7684\u72ec\u751f\u7231\u5b50\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u8d50\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u3002\u300d30<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u524d\u9762\u66fe\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c34\u661f\u8ba1\u5212\u53ca\u53cc\u5b50\u661f\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u603b\u6267\u884c\u8005\u52c3\u514b\u535a\u58eb\uff08Walfer F. Burke\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u683c\u6797\u88ab\u53d1\u5c04\u5230\u592a\u7a7a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u5468\uff081962\u5e742\u6708\uff09\uff0c\u4ecd\u5728\u5e26\u9886\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u67e5\u7ecf\u73ed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u6b63\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u4f1a\u4e3b\u65e5\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u957f\u3002\u5728\u80af\u5c3c\u8fea\u89d2\u4e3b\u6301\u592a\u7a7a\u8239\u53d1\u5c04\u540e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u642d\u98de\u673a\u56de\u5230\u5723\u8def\u6613\u65af\u57ce\uff0c\u5f53\u5929\u665a\u4e0a\u4ecd\u5e26\u9886\u67e5\u7ecf\u73ed\u4e0d\u8bef\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u8bf4\u5b9e\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u628a\u5982\u4f55\u4e3a\u4e3b\u800c\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u770b\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u53c2\u52a0\u6708\u7403\u767b\u9646\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u8bb0\u8005\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u592a\u7a7a\u65f6\u4ee3\u786e\u7ed9\u4e88\u4eba\u8bb8\u591a\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u52a0\u5f3a\u6211\u5c5e\u7075\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u6bcf\u5929\u8bfb\u7ecf\u66f4\u52e4\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u6211\u5e38\u6709\u300e\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u795e\u300f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u60f3\u7684\u5df2\u53d8\u4e3a\uff1a\u795e\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u76ee\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u624d\u80fd\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u505a\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff1f\u5728\u6211\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u89c1\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u592a\u7a7a\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5bdf\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4e0d\u542c\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u8c08\u53ca\u7075\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u4ee5\u5f80\u6570\u6708\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u592a\u7a7a\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8c08\u8bba\u5c5e\u7075\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4ee5\u524d\u505a\u68a6\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002\u300d32<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u300c\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u300d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5f00\u59cb\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0d\u662f\u6c38\u6052\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u652f\u6301\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5b58\u7559\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u534f\u52a9\u89e3\u5f00\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u59cb\u4e4b\u8c1c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u592a\u7a7a\u603b\u7f72\u7279\u522b\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u80cc\u666f\u63a2\u9669\u53f7\uff08Cosmic Background Explorer, COBE\uff09\u4eba\u9020\u536b\u661f\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u6b64\u79cd\u5fae\u6ce2\u8f90\u5c04\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u536b\u661f\u4ece1989\u5e7411\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5176\u540e\u4e24\u5e74\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5b87\u5b99\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6e29\u5ea6\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5747\u5300\u5230\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5f00\u5c14\u6587\uff08Kelvin\uff09\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1992\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u4ece\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7fa4\u96c6\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7684\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\uff08Lawrence Berkeley\uff09\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53c8\u4f20\u51fa\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u592a\u7a7a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53f2\u83ab\u7279\u535a\u58eb\uff08George Smoot\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0cCOBE\u536b\u661f\u6240\u641c\u96c6\u7684\u4e09\u4ebf\u516d\u5343\u4e07\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff01\u6709\u4eba\u79f0\u6b64\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u300c\u82e5\u975e\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e16\u7eaa\u6027\u7684\u521b\u4e3e\uff01\u300d\u53f2\u83ab\u7279\u81ea\u5df1\u5219\u516c\u5f00\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u627e\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u300d\u300c\u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u7741\u5f00\u773c\u775b\u770b\u5230\u795e\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u5982\u6b64\u7cbe\u7f8e\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5747\u8861\u96c5\u81f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u80cc\u540e\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u300d\u300c\u795e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u3002\u300d\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6d41\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u6b64\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u300c\u795e\u7684\u624b\u7b14\u300d\uff08the handwriting of God\uff09\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u535a\u6c49\uff08Frederic 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Ross\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u548c\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5b87\u5b99\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4eba\u8c08\u8fc7\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4eba\u5426\u8ba4\u5b87\u5b99\u4e0d\u591a\u4e0d\u5c11\u662f\u4e3a\u9002\u5408\u751f\u547d\u800c\u65a7\u51ff\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u503e\u5411\u72ec\u7acb\u548c\u62a8\u51fb\u4e00\u5207\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u63e1\u3002\u4f46\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u7cbe\u51cb\u548c\u7ec6\u7422\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u786e\u51ff\uff0c\u5230\u5982\u4eca\u6211\u8fd8\u672a\u542c\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8c08\u8bdd\u300234<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u53d1\u73b0\u5b87\u5b99\u80cc\u666f\u8f90\u5c04\u800c\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f6d\u897f\u4e9a\uff08Arno Penzias\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5e26\u9886\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4ef6\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u65e0\u6709\u4e2d\u88ab\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\uff1b\u8fd9\u5b87\u5b99\u6709\u7cbe\u5bc6\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4f9b\u5e94\u7740\u5bb9\u8bb8\u751f\u547d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b87\u5b99\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7136\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u592b\u66fc\uff08Tony Rothman\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5f53\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7528\u4e9a\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5b9a\u775b\u4ef0\u671b\u591c\u7a7a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u662f\u5929\u4f7f\u4f7f\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u8c10\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b87\u5b99\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u50cf\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51dd\u89c6\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5929\u7a7a\uff0c\u5374\u770b\u89c1\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u900f\u8fc7\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u8868\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u900f\u8fc7\u5929\u4f7f\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u7f8e\u4e3d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u5947\u5999\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8de8\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u8fdb\u5230\u5b97\u6559\u53bb\u3002\u6211\u80af\u5b9a\u5f88\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u66fe\u8fd9\u6837\u60f3\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5766\u767d\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\uff08Paul Davies\uff09\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8f6c\u800c\u627f\u8ba4\uff1a\u300c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u672c\u8eab\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u660e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u300d\uff1b\u300c\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\u80cc\u540e\u5fc5\u6709\u7384\u673a\u2026\u2026\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7cbe\u8c03\u6765\u521b\u9020\u5b87\u5b99\u2026\u2026\u8fd9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u9707\u64bc\u6027\u7684\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u5ba3\u79f0\u300c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u5207\u300d\u3001\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8377\u5c14\uff08Fred Hoyle\uff09\u73b0\u4e5f\u65e0\u5948\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8d85\u667a\u6167\u8005\u5728\u73a9\u5f04\u7740\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3002\u300d\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u57fa\u798f\uff08Robert Griffiths\uff09\u5219\u98ce\u8da3\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u627e\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u4f1a\u5230\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u53bb\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6d3e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u7528\u573a\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u3002\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u6709\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u795e\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u800c\u771f\u6b63\u8c26\u5351\u4e0b\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u65e0\u4e0a\u4e4b\u795e\u5728\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3002\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u547d\u4e0d\u51e1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8363\u8000\u795e\u3002\u300d354\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5bb6\u51ef\u5c14\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u7c7b\u627f\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u77e5\u7684\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u300d36<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u7528\u6cb9\u6ef4\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u5176\u6240\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u800c\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5956\u7684\u7c73\u7acb\u6839\uff08Millikan\uff09\u8bf4\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u6027\u662f\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u65e0\u6cd5\u9003\u907f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u8d85\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u6167\u6240\u80fd\u7aa5\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u6167\u4e0d\u80fd\u7aa5\u6d4b\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4fbf\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e86\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u6167\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\u5b87\u5b99\u7ec8\u6781\u7684\u5965\u7955\u3002\u2026\u2026\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u670d\u4ece\u4e0a\u5e1d\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u8c26\u5351\u3002\u300d37\u970d\u987f\u535a\u58eb\u5f62\u8c61\u5730\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff08\u300a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\uff09\u55bb\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u53cc\u773c\uff0c\u300c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u795e\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u542f\u793a\u63c9\u5408\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u7528\u4e24\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u611f\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5c5e\u7075\u5883\u754c\u4e5f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u4e86\u300d\u300238\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u656c\u62dc\u53d7\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\u7684\u8ff7\u4fe1\u4e2d\u9192\u609f\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u656c\u62dc\u521b\u9020\u5929\u5730\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e4b\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u6b64\u8bdd\u5bcc\u4e8e\u54f2\u7406\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u822a\u7a7a\u53ca\u5b87\u5b99\u822a\u884c\u5c40\uff08NASA\uff09\u3001\u592a\u7a7a\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u6cfd\u65af\u7235\u535a\u58eb\uff08Robert Jastrow\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u795e\u4e0e\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u300b\uff08God and the Astronomers\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\u8fc7\u4e00\u6bb5\u4ee4\u4eba\u94ed\u5fc3\u523b\u9aa8\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u300c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u9760\u7406\u6027\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u7ed3\u5c40\u50cf\u662f\u4e2a\u6076\u68a6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6500\u767b\u65e0\u77e5\u4e4b\u5c71\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5feb\u8981\u5230\u8fbe\u5dc5\u5cf0\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u6500\u4e0a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5757\u77f3\u5934\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u7adf\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u7fa4\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u606d\u5019\u65e0\u6570\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e86\u3002\u300d39<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f55\u8c13\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1f\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u60f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6309\u6211\u524d\u9762\u8bba\u53ca\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5e94\u6210\u4e3a\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u624d\u5bf9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\uff0c\u662f\u963b\u788d\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u5462\uff1f\u4f55\u5929\u62e9\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u4ece\u54ea\u91cc\u6765\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u89c6\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u89c6\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u95ee\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7814\u8ba8\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u751f\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9ad8\u5531\u300e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e07\u80fd\u300f\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u300d40\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5f88\u4e2d\u80af\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u3001\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u4ece\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f00\u59cb\u629b\u5f03\u795e\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u795e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u4fbf\u9010\u6e10\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u53d7\u9020\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b\u548c\u53d7\u9020\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u667a\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\u3002\u4eba\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u5f53\u4f5c\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u4e3b\u5bb0\uff0c\u628a\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e00\u5207\u771f\u7406\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u65b0\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u88ab\u65e0\u6570\u4eba\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u9876\u793c\u819c\u62dc\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3e\u529e\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u542c\u4f17\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u5426\u542c\u5f97\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8d8a\u542c\u4e0d\u61c2\u8d8a\u662f\u81ea\u53f9\u4e0d\u5982\uff1a\u8fd9\u9053\u7406\u592a\u9ad8\u6df1\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u592a\u6e0a\u535a\u4e86\uff01\u4ece\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7f6e\u7591\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb2\u9053\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u4ed6\u8bb2\u5f97\u5982\u4f55\u6e05\u6670\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6839\u6709\u636e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7591\u4e91\u6ee1\u5e03\uff0c\u767e\u822c\u6311\u5254\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u9664\u4e86\u6452\u5f03\u795e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u56e0\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u524d\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8c08\u8fc7\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u3002\u5f52\u7eb3\u6cd5\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u89c4\u5f8b\u6765\u3002\u6f14\u7ece\u6cd5\u867d\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5374\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u89c6\u5b9e\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u7531\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u7075\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u3001\u7531\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u9020\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u63a2\u77e5\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u8c2c\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3000\u3000<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u5305\u6cbb\u767e\u75c5\u7684\u7075\u4e39\u5999\u836f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\uff09\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u6f14\u7684\uff08Reproducibility\uff09\u3001\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff08Manageability\uff09\u548c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5ea6\u7684\uff08Observability\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u516c\u5e03\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u8f9b\u4ea5\u9769\u547d\uff09\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u53ea\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff08\u5982\u521d\u604b\uff09\u548c\u4e1a\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u5982\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff09\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u6f14\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u52a0\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u88ab\u52a8\u6027\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u5404\u4e8b\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5982\u679c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\u6216\u4e71\u53d8\u4e00\u901a\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u795e\u4e0d\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fdc\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u795e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cf\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u957f\u5ea6\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u91cd\u91cf\u3001\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u548c\u4e00\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u8c08\u5230\u6b64\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u7231\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7231\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cf\u5ea6\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u53cd\u9a73\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u7231\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\uff01\u636e\u8bf4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u8868\u73b0\u7231\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u6ce2\u3002\u300d\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u5c1a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7231\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6ce2\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u771f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u597d\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u53ef\u91cf\u5ea6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u300d\u5bf9\u65b9\u542c\u540e\u5148\u662f\u4e00\u6123\uff0c\u5c14\u540e\u54d1\u7136\u5931\u7b11\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6709\u8303\u56f4\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8303\u56f4\u662f\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ea\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u7ec6\u83cc\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u7b49\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u9020\u798f\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e92\u76f8\u6b8b\u6740\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u751f\u6001\u7834\u574f\u3001\u73af\u5883\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u80fd\u6e90\u67af\u7aed\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u7075\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u97ad\u957f\u83ab\u53ca\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u91cc\u6211\u5df2\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7075\u6027\u4e16\u754c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u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of Uniformity of 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