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McDowell\uff09\u5728\u300a\u94c1\u8bc1\u5f85\u5224\u300b\uff08Evidence That Demands a Verdict\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u65af\u6258\u5f97\uff08John R. W. Stott\uff09\u5728\u300a\u771f\u7406\u7684\u5bfb\u7d22\u300b\uff08Basic Christianity\uff09\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u73b0\u6211\u4ec5\u5f15\u7528\u51e0\u4f8b\u3002\u4e9a\u8bfa\uff08Thomas Arnold\uff09\u6559\u6388\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u53f2\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u8457\u6709\u5341\u4e09\u518c\u7f57\u9a6c\u53f2\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u5173\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u8036\u7a23\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u3001\u5176\u6b7b\u53ca\u5176\u590d\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\u4e4b\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u9760\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u5e73\u65e5\u51b3\u5b9a\u597d\u574f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6765\u8bc4\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u597d\u574f\u3002\u4e16\u95f4\u6709\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u4e8b\u5ba1\u67e5\u65f6\u6001\u5ea6\u614e\u91cd\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6cd5\u5b98\u9762\u4e34\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u6848\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u66fe\u5982\u6b64\u505a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8bf4\u670d\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u3002\u6211\u501f\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4ed6\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u8003\u8bc1\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u8003\u67e5\u3001\u8861\u91cf\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u95e8\u5f92\u53ca\u540e\u4eba\u6240\u5199\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4ef6\u53f2\u8ff9\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u66fe\u50cf\u795e\u6240\u8d50\u7684\u5927\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u6b7b\u540e\u7531\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u5f7b\u5e95\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u3002\u300d5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fbe\u6797\u516c\u7235\uff08Lord Darling\uff09\u66fe\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u9662\u957f\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u79c1\u4eba\u5bb4\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5ba2\u4eba\u8c08\u8bba\u5230\u4e00\u672c\u8bba\u53ca\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e00\u672c\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e4b\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e84\u91cd\u5730\u53d1\u8a00\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u548c\u7942\u6240\u884c\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f53\u5148\u6709\u6240\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u91cd\u52a0\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u5982\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u662f\u7942\u6240\u5ba3\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\uff1f\u8fd9\u5fc5\u987b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u7942\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e8b\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u627e\u51fa\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u5370\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6b63\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u53cd\u9762\u7684\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u653e\u5728\u4e16\u4eba\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u597d\u53eb\u4e16\u4e0a\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u5f88\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u4e0b\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\u8bf4\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u6545\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u771f\u7684\u3002\u300d6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u5c3c\u514b\u91cc\uff08Armand Nicholi\uff09\u66fe\u57281968\u5e74\u8457\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b89\u5fb7\u751f\u535a\u58eb\uff08J. N. D. Anderson\uff09\uff0c\u8bf4\u5b89\u6c0f\u662f\u300c\u56fd\u9645\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u4ee5\u5584\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\u95fb\u540d\u300d\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f53\u4eca\u56fd\u9645\u6cd5\u7406\u5b66\u6743\u5a01\u3002\u5b89\u6c0f\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u300c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u4e43\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5f15\u8bc1\u65b0\u7ea6\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u4e2d\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u5173\u8036\u7a23\u5176\u4eba\u3001\u5176\u8bad\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff1b\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u6b7b\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u5ea7\u575f\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u89c1\u8fc7\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bc1\u636e\u5728\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u8d70\u4fe1\u5fc3\u65c5\u9014\u65f6\uff0c\u6253\u4e0b\u6700\u7a33\u56fa\u7684\u4e00\u5ea7\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u300d7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8457\u540d\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u4f1f\u535a\u58eb\uff08Dr. A. C. Ivy\uff09\u66fe\u4efb\u4f9d\u5229\u8bfa\u5927\u5b66\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5206\u6821\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc1\u8bcd\u662f\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u8089\u8eab\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5374\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e3a\u803b\uff0c\u8981\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4fe1\u8fd9\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e14\u80fd\u7528\u7406\u667a\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8fa9\u62a4\u2026\u2026\u3002\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u6837\u96be\u89e3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5728\u6211\u7684\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u5185\u90fd\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6c42\u8bc1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u4eca\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u76f8\u4fe1\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u7406\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6000\u7591\u8036\u7a23\u8089\u8eab\u590d\u6d3b\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5426\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u66fe\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5219\u9996\u5148\u8981\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u672a\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u6211\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u57cb\u8fc7\u4e09\u5929\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u590d\u6d3b\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u82e5\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u4eca\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6765\u5426\u8ba4\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u79d1\u5b66\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u300d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f17\u6765\u660e\u6559\u6388\uff08Ambrose Fleming\uff09\u66fe\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u5956\u7ae0\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u795e\u8ff9\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u2500\u2500\u8bba\u8036\u7a23\u4e4b\u590d\u6d3b\u300b\uff08Miracles and Science\u2500\u2500The Resurrection of Christ\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u80af\u5b9a\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb0\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u5904\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u5411\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4eec\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bda\u5b9e\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u300c\u2026\u2026\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bda\u5fc3\u7684\u8ffd\u5bfb\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5e76\u975e\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u865a\u6784\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u6216\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u5f7c\u5f97\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u968f\u4ece\u4e56\u5de7\u634f\u9020\u7684\u865a\u8a00\u300f\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u6709\u5b9e\u53ef\u8003\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u770b\u6765\u591a\u4e48\u795e\u5947\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u5728\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u3001\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u8ff9\u3002\u300d9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u7235\u58eb\uff08Sir Edward Clarke\uff09\u5728\u81f4\u6885\u514b\u897f\uff08E. L. Macassey\uff09\u7267\u5e08\u7684\u4fe1\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4ee5\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u773c\u5149\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6d3b\u8282\u65e9\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6240\u627e\u51fa\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5341\u5206\u5b8c\u5907\u3002\u6211\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u6848\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5fae\u5f31\u8bb8\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u5b9a\u6848\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u5b9a\u6848\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u7528\u7cbe\u5fc3\u96d5\u9970\u6216\u8d39\u5fc3\u88c5\u9970\u5176\u4f9b\u8bcd\u7684\u3002\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u6211\u81ea\u7136\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7fa4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4eba\u5bf9\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u3002\u300d10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u845b\u6797\u5c3c\u592b\uff08Simon Greenleaf, 1783-1853\uff09\u66fe\u4efb\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u53f2\u9640\u745e\uff08Joseph Story\uff09\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\u63a5\u7eed\u6210\u4e3a\u540c\u6821\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8bfa\u7279\uff08H. W. Knott\uff09\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u540d\u4eba\u5b57\u5178\u300b\uff08Dictionary of American Biography\uff0911\u7b2c\u4e03\u5377\u4e2d\u79f0\uff1a\u300c\u7531\u4e8e\u53f2\u9640\u745e\u548c\u845b\u6797\u5c3c\u592b\u4e24\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u624d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7c\u4f7c\u8005\u3002\u300d\u845b\u6c0f\u4ece\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u7684\u8a00\u884c\u53ca\u5f53\u65f6\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u9669\u6076\u73af\u5883\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u7cbe\u8f9f\u5165\u91cc\uff1a\u300c\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u6240\u4f20\u626c\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8036\u7a23\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8ba4\u7f6a\u3001\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u7942\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u624d\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u6551\u6069\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u56db\u5904\u5f02\u53e3\u540c\u58f0\u5730\u4f20\u626c\u6b64\u4e00\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u8eab\u53d7\u903c\u8feb\uff0c\u4e14\u9762\u4e34\u4eba\u5fc3\u6240\u80fd\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u88ab\u6c11\u4f17\u6cd5\u5ead\u4ee5\u7f6a\u72af\u5acc\u7591\u5904\u6b7b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6765\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e16\u754c\u7684\uff0c\u4e16\u95f4\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5747\u4e0b\u4ee4\u963b\u6b62\u5176\u95e8\u5f92\u4f20\u626c\u798f\u97f3\u3002\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9886\u8896\u5747\u8d77\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u80af\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u4ee5\u6700\u5584\u826f\u3001\u6700\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f20\u626c\u798f\u97f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u4e0d\u514d\u8981\u62db\u4eba\u7684\u8511\u89c6\u3001\u53d7\u6b3a\u538b\u3001\u906d\u6bc1\u8c24\uff1b\u4eba\u4eec\u8feb\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u97ad\u6253\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0b\u5728\u76d1\u91cc\uff0c\u65bd\u4e88\u9177\u5211\u751a\u81f3\u906d\u53d7\u60e8\u6b7b\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u70ed\u5fc3\u4f20\u626c\u6b64\u4e00\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u82e6\u96be\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5374\u4e0d\u60ca\u614c\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u559c\u4e50\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5012\u4e0b\u53bb\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6301\u6b64\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4eba\u7ad9\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6bc5\u529b\u4e0e\u51b3\u5fc3\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b8c\u6210\u672a\u5b8c\u4e4b\u8d23\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u53f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u4e0d\u51fa\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u82f1\u52c7\u3001\u5fcd\u8010\u4e0e\u4e0d\u6b7b\u4e4b\u51b3\u5fc3\u7f16\u6210\u7684\u519b\u961f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u6709\u5916\u6765\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u4f30\u81ea\u5df1\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6839\u57fa\uff0c\u5e76\u9700\u8bc1\u5b9e\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u771f\u7406\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8036\u7a23\u4e0d\u66fe\u7531\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u518d\u786e\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u80af\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6301\u4e45\u62e5\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5728\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u6b3a\u9a97\u4ed6\u4eec\uff0c\u4e16\u95f4\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u56de\u8f6c\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u82e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80af\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ec8\u751f\u6240\u906d\u9047\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5728\u5916\u8868\u6240\u80fd\u627f\u62c5\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4e0d\u5e78\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5fc3\u4e5f\u8981\u627f\u53d7\u6781\u5927\u7684\u82e6\u95f7\u4e0e\u7f6a\u6076\u611f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u5b58\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u826f\u5fc3\u5e73\u5b89\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8363\u8000\u7684\u76fc\u671b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u559c\u4e50\uff0c\u6765\u4e16\u4e5f\u65e0\u798f\u4e50\u3002\u2026\u2026\u4f46\u4f7f\u5f92\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u660e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u4f7f\u5f92\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u9690\u7792\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u672c\u6027\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u5408\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u663e\u51fa\u4e0e\u5e38\u4eba\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u88ab\u540c\u6837\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f1a\u56e0\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u800c\u751f\u51fa\u6d3b\u529b\u6765\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u559c\u4e50\u6240\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6101\u82e6\u6240\u56f0\uff1b\u4f1a\u56e0\u60e7\u6015\u800c\u5fc3\u60c5\u7d0a\u4e71\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u6240\u56f0\u6270\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u66f4\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6837\u4e3a\u8bd5\u63a2\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u6240\u56f0\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5374\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e0d\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u518d\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8981\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300d12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u516d\u3001\u590d\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e8b\u81f3\u4eca\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a8\u7ffb<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u67ef\u4f2f\u91cc\uff08John Singleton Copley\uff09\u662f\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u82f1\u56fd\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6743\u5a01\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u9996\u5e2d\u68c0\u5bdf\u5b98\u3001\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u8bae\u957f\u3001\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u88ab\u82f1\u7687\u8d50\u540d\u4e3a\u6797\u8d3a\u601d\u516c\u7235\uff08Lord Lyndhurst\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u8c08\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6e05\u695a\u660e\u767d\u90a3\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u81f3\u4eca\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u4eba\u6240\u653b\u7834\u3002\u300d13\u3000\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u53cc\u65b9\u4ea4\u950b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4f46\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u53f2\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u5c79\u7136\u8038\u7acb\uff0c\u65e0\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u63a8\u7ffb\uff0c\u4e24\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u4e5f\u4ecd\u672a\u53d8\u3002\u67ef\u4f2f\u91cc\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5207\u5408\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f8b\u5e08\u83ab\u7406\u900a\uff08Frank Morison\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7528\u590d\u6d3b\u8fd9\u6837\u559c\u5267\u6027\u7684\u7ae5\u8bdd\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u5f62\u50cf\u3002\u4ed6\u7acb\u5fd7\u8981\u5c06\u8036\u7a23\u5728\u4e16\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u5929\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b8c\u5168\u8ffd\u8bb0\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u89c6\u542c\uff0c\u8fd8\u8036\u7a23\u82f1\u96c4\u672c\u8272\u3002\u4ed6\u672c\u6253\u7b97\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5220\u53bb\u6709\u5173\u795e\u8ff9\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u51c6\u5907\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e8b\u7edd\u53e3\u4e0d\u63d0\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e2a\u5f8b\u5e08\uff0c\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u628a\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9a97\u5c40\u548c\u8ff7\u4fe1\u63ed\u7a7f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e00\u52b3\u6c38\u9038\u5730\u63a8\u5012\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8be6\u5c3d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u521d\u8877\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u5927\u5ba1\u5224\u300b\uff08Who Moved The Stone?\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u7545\u9500\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u662f\u300c\u4e00\u672c\u5199\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e66\u300d\u300214<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u6566\uff08Lord Lyttelton\uff09\u662f\u6587\u4eba\u517c\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8ffd\u8ff0\u4ed6\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e2a\u505a\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u97e6\u65af\u7279\uff08Gilbert West\uff09\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f80\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4fe9\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u90fd\u6df1\u4fe1\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u6b3a\u9a97\u4eba\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u51b3\u610f\u8981\u63ed\u53d1\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u865a\u4f2a\u3002\u5229\u7279\u5c14\u6566\u7acb\u5fd7\u627e\u51fa\u5927\u6570\u4eba\u626b\u7f57\u4ece\u672a\u53d8\u6210\u4f7f\u5f92\u4fdd\u7f57\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u97e6\u6c0f\u5219\u4ece\u4e8b\u5370\u8bc1\u8036\u7a23\u4e0d\u66fe\u590d\u6d3b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u5934\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u671f\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e8c\u4eba\u5747\u56e0\u4e3a\u7aed\u529b\u627e\u5bfb\u8bc1\u636e\u60f3\u63a8\u7ffb\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u8bc1\u636e\u9762\u524d\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u6094\u6539\u5f52\u4fe1\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u78b0\u9762\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u89c9\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u817c\u8146\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u80fd\u6309\u9884\u60f3\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u56e0\u63ed\u53d1\u4e86\u865a\u4f2a\u800c\u6b22\u547c\uff0c\u5374\u5f7c\u6b64\u7531\u8877\u5730\u5e86\u8d3a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e86\u795e\u6240\u542f\u793a\u7684\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u540e\u6765\u97e6\u6c0f\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u53ca\u8003\u8bc1\u8d44\u6599\u770b\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u4e4b\u590d\u6d3b\u300b\uff08Observations on The History and Evidences of The Resurrection of Jesus Christ\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u4e66\u7684\u6249\u9875\u4e0a\uff0c\u97e6\u6c0f\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u53e5\u53e4\u8bed\uff1a\u300c\u5bf9\u771f\u7406\u672a\u66fe\u4e0b\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u592b\u8005\uff0c\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5b9c\u4fe1\u53e3\u968f\u610f\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u300d15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u6c83\u4f1f\uff08John Warwick Montgomery\uff091931\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5dde\uff0c1952\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u5eb7\u4e43\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u5148\u540e\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u3001\u97e6\u767b\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fdStrasbourg\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u7855\u58eb\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u54f2\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u7b49\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u5386\u4efb\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u548c\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8457\u4f5c\u751a\u4e30\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u300b\uff08History and Christianity\uff09\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5185\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u51c6\u5907\u4e0d\u538c\u5176\u70e6\u5730\u518d\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u7942\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u8c01\uff1f\u6709\u4f55\u6839\u636e\uff1f\u672c\u7ae0\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u3001\u8eab\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b9e\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u3001\u56db\u4e24\u7ae0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u540e\u4e24\u7ae0\u5185\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u8036\u7a23\u57fa\u7763\u7684\u795e\u6027\uff0c\u7942\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u7942\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7942\u6240\u81ea\u79f0\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u96be\u514d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u9762\u7ea2\u8033\u8d64\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u4eba\u751f\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u68c0\u8ba8\u4e0e\u6279\u5224\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u4e50\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u601d\u60f3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u5eb7\u4e43\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u653b\u8bfb\u54f2\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u9c81\u76ca\u5e08\uff08C. S. Lewis\uff09\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5728\u300e\u62f3\u6253\u811a\u8e22\u300f\u6ee1\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u786c\u62d6\u5165\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5ea6\u91cc\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8d8a\u6df1\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u89c9\u5f97\u5176\u5b87\u5b99\u89c2\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7455\uff0c\u53eb\u4eba\u7ecf\u5386\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5982\u4eca\u4e50\u4e8e\u5411\u5404\u4f4d\u90d1\u91cd\u63a8\u8350\u3002\u300d16<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u6c83\u4f1f\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u9c81\u76ca\u5e08\u4e8e1898\u5e74\u751f\u4e8e\u7231\u5c14\u5170\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u9662\u8bfb\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u4e66\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5168\u9760\u81ea\u5b66\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u9996\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u4e09\u91cd\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1954\u5e74\u51fa\u4efb\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u6069\u8d50\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u5934\u8111\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u7545\u9500\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u4eab\u8a89\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u795e\u5c06\u4ed6\u300c\u56e2\u56e2\u56f4\u56f0\u300d\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u964d\u670d\u5728\u795e\u7684\u9762\u524d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u81ea\u5df1\u5982\u4f55\u629b\u5f03\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u3001\u5f52\u5411\u57fa\u7763\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u81ea\u767d\uff1a\u300c1926\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u8ba4\u5f97\u7684\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u4e2d\u4e4b\u6700\u987d\u5f3a\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u623f\u95f4\u5185\u548c\u6211\u5bf9\u5750\u70e4\u706b\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6211\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u798f\u97f3\u4e66\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u770b\u6765\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u300f\u300e\u5947\u602a\u5f97\u5f88\u300f\uff0c\u4ed6\u63a5\u7740\u8bf4\uff1a\u300e\u5f17\u9510\u745f\uff08Frazer\uff09\u7b14\u4e0b\u90a3\u4f4d\u53d7\u6b7b\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u771f\u6b63\u66fe\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u300f\u8bfb\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u8ba4\u8bc6\u6211\u8fd9\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\uff08\u81ea\u90a3\u6b21\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u518d\u5bf9\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8868\u793a\u4efb\u4f55\u5174\u8da3\uff09\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u60f3\u50cf\u4ed6\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7ed9\u6211\u4f55\u7b49\u975e\u540c\u5c0f\u53ef\u7684\u5f53\u5934\u68d2\u559d\u3002\u6211\u609a\u7136\u5927\u60ca\uff1a\u5018\u82e5\u8fd9\u4f4d\u72ac\u5112\u4e2d\u7684\u72ac\u5112\uff0c\u521a\u786c\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u521a\u786c\u8005\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e14\u4e0d\u80fd\u89c9\u5f97\u300e\u5b89\u5168\u300f\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u6709\u4f55\u5730\u53ef\u7ad9\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u771f\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u9003\u8131\u7684\u4f59\u5730\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u300d17\u300c\u6211\u6240\u6700\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7942\u7684\u65e0\u60c5\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u504f\u504f\u4e34\u8fd1\u6211\u3002\u6211\u6700\u60ca\u6015\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e5f\u6765\u4e34\u4e86\u3002\u5c31\u57281929\u5e743\u6708\u4e00\u4e3b\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u795e\u524d\u8dea\u4e0b\u7977\u544a\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u7942\u662f\u771f\u795e\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u90a3\u5929\u591c\u91cc\uff0c\u5168\u82f1\u4f26\u6700\u52c9\u5f3a\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u6094\u6539\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7684\u6094\u6539\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u4e0d\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5149\u8363\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u5374\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e86\u3002\u5723\u7075\u5c45\u7136\u8c26\u900a\u5730\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e00\u4f4d\u50cf\u6211\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6d6a\u5b50\u7ec8\u4e8e\u811a\u8e0f\u5b9e\u5730\u56de\u5bb6\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d6a\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u8361\u3001\u6323\u624e\u3001\u6124\u6068\uff0c\u8fd8\u6e38\u89c6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u60f3\u9003\u4e4b\u592d\u592d\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u8c01\u613f\u610f\u5927\u65b9\u5730\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u5462\uff1f\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u300e\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u5165\u6559\u5b9e\u5728\u88ab\u4e0d\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5f92\u6ee5\u7528\u5f97\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5bf9\u5165\u6559\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u89e3\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u597d\u663e\u793a\u795e\u7684\u6069\u5178\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u957f\u9614\u9ad8\u6df1\u3002\u300f\u300d18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4e03\u3001\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u9b4f\u601d\u79d1\uff08Canon Westcott\uff09\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u7684\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff1a\u300c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6bd4\u57fa\u7763\u590d\u6d3b\u6709\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u3001\u53c8\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u5148\u5b58\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7942\u590d\u6d3b\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u300d19<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u5145\u5206\u3001\u786e\u51ff\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4ecd\u4e0d\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u4f55\u5728\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u76f8\u4fe1\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u5c42\u9762\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u91cc\u8bba\u53ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e0b\u6709\u5173\u7406\u6027\u548c\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8036\u7a23\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u7eaf\u5c5e\u65e0\u7a3d\u4e4b\u8c08\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u91cd\u89c6\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u6070\u6070\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u6cd5\u5170\u58eb\uff08R. T. France\uff09\u5728\u300a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e3b\u57fa\u7763\u300b\uff08Jesus The Radical\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u51ed\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u8bc1\u636e\u6240\u6e05\u695a\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u300d20\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4e0e\u613f\u8fdd\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u5047\u8bf4\u3001\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6000\u7591\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8bef\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u597d\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u63a8\u7ffb\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u5148\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u8d44\u6599\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u7f6e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8d44\u6599\u4e8e\u4e0d\u987e\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5047\u60f3\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8d77\u7801\u54c1\u683c\u3002\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u4e00\u4e8b\u6240\u5e94\u6301\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u518d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8036\u7a23\u6b7b\u800c\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5df2\u8c08\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u795e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5728\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u3008\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3009\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\uff1b\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53d7\u9020\u4e4b\u7269\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09\u90fd\u987b\u4f0f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u8005\u7684\u795e\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u7942\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u7942\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\u529e\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6309\u5176\u5f8b\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u987a\u7406\u6210\u7ae0\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8036\u7a23\u4e5f\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u6b7b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5f8b\uff0c\u7942\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u5f02\u7684\u4eba\u4e86\u3002\u795e\u81ea\u5df1\u5ba3\u79f0\uff1a\u300c\u8036\u548c\u534e\u5c82\u6709\u96be\u6210\u7684\u4e8b\u4e48\u300d\uff08\u521b18:14\uff09\uff1f\u8036\u7a23\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5bf9\u95e8\u5f92\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u795e\u5374\u4e0d\u7136\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u795e\u51e1\u4e8b\u90fd\u80fd\u300d\uff08\u53ef10:27\uff09\u3002\u9053\u6210\u8089\u8eab\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u7942\u6709\u8d85\u7136\u7684\u6765\u8e2a\u53bb\u8ff9\uff0c\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u3002\u7942\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u987a\u4e4e\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u6210\u80ce\u5374\u662f\u8d85\u7136\u7684\uff1b\u7942\u7684\u6b7b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u7942\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u5374\u662f\u8d85\u7136\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u7ae5\u5973\u751f\u5b50\u3001\u6b7b\u800c\u590d\u6d3b\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u663e\u660e\u8036\u7a23\u662f\u795e\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u3002\u5b5f\u6c83\u4f1f\uff08John W. Montgomery\uff09\u8bf4\uff1a\u300c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0d\u5fc5\u9760\u795e\u5b66\uff0c\u5355\u9760\u5386\u53f2\u8003\u8bc1\u5c31\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u300d21\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8fa9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4fe1\u5fc3\u662f\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u6865\u6a11\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7406\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u501f\u7740\u4fe1\u5fc3\u98de\u8dc3\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u786e\u7acb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u79bb\u5f00\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u53ea\u51ed\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u795e\u7684\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u590d\u6d3b\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u6709\u6781\u5145\u5206\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e0d\u50cf\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u516c\u5f0f\u90a3\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u4eb2\u773c\u89c1\u8fc7\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u8036\u7a23\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8e0f\u51fa\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u771f\u7406\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4f01\u56fe\u7528\u7406\u6027\u4ee3\u66ff\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u8bc1\u636e\u5145\u5206\u5c31\u80fd\u4fe1\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u5bf9\u8036\u7a23\u884c\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u5374\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u6709\u4eba\u4fe1\u7942\u662f\u795e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u8bec\u544a\u7942\u3002\u8036\u7a23\u590d\u6d3b\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u95e8\u5f92\u5230\u52a0\u5229\u5229\u89c1\u7942\u3002\u300c\u5341\u4e00\u4e2a\u95e8\u5f92\u5f80\u52a0\u5229\u5229\u53bb\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u7ea6\u5b9a\u7684\u5c71\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c1\u4e86\u8036\u7a23\u5c31\u62dc\u7942\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u7591\u60d1\u300d\uff08\u592a28:16-17\uff09\u3002\u89c1\u5230\u4e86\u590d\u6d3b\u7684\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u7591\u60d1\uff01\u75db\u54c9\uff01\u60dc\u54c9\uff01\u54c0\u54c9\uff01\u6cd5\u5170\u58eb\uff08R. T. France\uff09\u8bf4\u5f97\u597d\uff1a\u300c\u5f53\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u7136\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u9762\u4e34\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u884c\u7684\u795e\u8ff9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7942\u795e\u8ff9\u6027\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u6240\u5e26\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u5c06\u62e5\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5212\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u300d22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6cd5\u5170\u58eb\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u4ece\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5230\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u4e16\u4fd7\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u62d2\u7edd\u76f8\u4fe1\u8036\u7a23\u7684\u786e\u4ece\u6b7b\u91cc\u590d\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u591f\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u591f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5bf9\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u518d\u591a\u518d\u597d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u613f\u610f\u7167\u7740\u8036\u7a23\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u300d23\u5927\u536b\u534e\u751f\uff08C. K. David Watson\uff09\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u300c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4fe1\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60f3\u4fe1\u3002\u300d24\u5c3c\u91c7\uff08F. 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